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Authors
Wang, Huaibo
Xue, Ruiyang
Chen, Zhuming
Zhu, Kaiyuan
Zhou, Yanhan
Zhou, Liunan
Liu, Sijing
Guo, Weitao
Li, Kai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Guangdong Medical University Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund (GDMULCJC2024088, GDMULCJC2024079)
Disease Prevention and Control Key Program of Zhanjiang City of China (2022A01144)
High Level-Hospital Research Platform Key Cultivation Program of Zhanjiang City of China (2021A05087)
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective chart review involving human participants was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, as well as the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical guidelines. All participants were fully informed of the surgical procedures prior to enrollment and provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Approval No. YSC2024-066–01).
: Not applicable. This study did not include any identifiable images, personal data, or clinical details that could compromise participant anonymity.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
