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Authors
Gong, Ze
Ao, Di
Li, Tingni
Li, Le
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (CX2023087)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32211530049)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (GJHZ20210705143401005)
Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2022SF-117)
Education and Teaching Reform Funds for the Central Universities (No.23GZ230102)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the medical ethical committee, and participants gave written informed consent. ClinicalTrials.gov registration no.: NCT00080171. The first registration Date is March 24, 2004. Specifically, this study is derived from OAI cohort. The OAI study was approved by institutional review boards at each OAI clinical site and the coordinating center: Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island Institutional Review Board, The Ohio State University’s Biomedical Sciences Institutional Review Board, University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board, University of Maryland Baltimore – Institutional Review Board, and Committee on Human Research at University of California, San Francisco. All participants provided written informed consent. The Tufts Medical Center Institutional Review Board deemed that the work done at our institution was not human research because we analyzed publicly available data. This study has met all criteria for ethical standards regarding human studies as described in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and all amendments.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
