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Authors
Liao, Chin-Yi
Lu, Yu-Der
Chang, Yu-Jui
Kuo, Feng-Chih https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5205-8333
Hsu, Chi-Hsiang
Hsu, Shan-Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CMRPG8N0041)
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Article History
Received: 23 March 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The protocols used in this retrospective study were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Medical Foundation , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (approval no. 202201771B0). According to national legislation, patient consent is not required for retrospective studies. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
