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Authors
Peng, Hao
Cai, Qianying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-8315
Liu, Dongning
Duong, Vicky
Oo, Win Min
Zhang, Changqing
Hunter, David J.
Zheng, Yongqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Project (20224Y0139)
Major Scientific Research Program for Young and Middle-aged Health Professionals of Fujian Province, China (2022ZQNZD015)
Science and Technology Project of Quanzhou City (2024NY103)
Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Clinical Research Project (ynhg202501)
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Article History
Received: 25 February 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval for the Osteoarthritis Initiative was approved from institutional review boards at all clinical sites and the coordinating center (Committee on Human Research at University of California, San Francisco; approval no.10–00532). All participants provided informed consent before participation. This study used publicly available data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative and was exempt from another Institutional Review Boards (IRB) approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
