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Article History

Received: 20 May 2025

Accepted: 8 October 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Change Date: 14 January 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original version of this article was revised to remove the duplicate of the sub-heading (The “Changhai Pain Scale” pain score) in the Methods section.

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in strict compliance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University (EFY202500115).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.