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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 15 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was carried out in compliance with the ethical guidelines stipulated in the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors have thoroughly addressed ethical considerations, encompassing informed consent, plagiarism, data manipulation, misconduct, potential falsification, instances of double publication or redundancy, and submission procedures. Sports Science Experiment Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University reviewed and approved the experiments at Beijing Sport University (Ethics Approval Code:2025300 H). All participants were registered and evaluated at a single location after reading and signing the informed consent form. This form was approved by the Sports Science Experiment Ethics Committee of Beijing Sport University.

: Written informed consent was secured from the individuals to share their characteristics without their names with the journal if necessary.

: The authors declare no competing interests.