Hsia, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-8616
Chen, Poyu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1342-813X
Yang, Cheng-Pang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8547-4561
Hsu, Chen-Heng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4999-1426
Chuang, Chieh-An https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-4814
Chiu, Joe Chih-Hao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-5115
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (MOST 111-2628-B-182A-016, NSTC112-2628-B-182A-002)
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou (CMRPG5K0092, CMRPG3M2032, CLRPG3D0045, CMRPG5K021, SMRPG3N0011, SMRPG3P0011)
Article History
Received: 6 October 2024
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
:
: 202100829B0, ethical committee approval; Chang Gung Medical Foundation Institutional Review Board (Chairman of the ethics committee, Tsang-Tang Hsieh, MD).Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Written informed consent has been obtained from the patients to publish this paper. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Chang Gung Medical Foundation Institutional Review Board (IRB 202100829B0), and informed consent was obtained from all patients. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not Applicable in the consent to publication section.
: The authors declare no competing interests.