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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 2 January 2026

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (No. KY2025-R152) and study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. According to the regulations of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, and in compliance with the relevant provisions of China’s Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP): “If the study only involves the collection of previously obtained medical treatment information/specimens for retrospective research purposes, informed consent can be waived.” This research has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and is considered to meet the requirements for informed consent exemption.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.