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Authors
Khalifa, Galal E. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4758-0033
Mohammed, Rooa https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2477-0577
Salih, Noon E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6796-0093
Abbaker, Maram https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5711-1897
Eldouma, Mohamedelmustafa Yahya Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0877-6862
Elomeiri, Leina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-016X
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Department of Community Medicine, University of Khartoum. Ethical issues (including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, redundancy, etc.) have been fully addressed by the authors. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before filling out the questionnaire, with no information that could lead to the identification of a specific subject having been taken.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
