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Authors
Dong, Guohua
Zhang, Hui
Wang, Dezhi
Zhu, Ming
Song, Fengling
Lin, Qingbo
Liu, Yulong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province (M-2023231)
2023 Qilu Biancang Traditional Chinese Medicine Talent Project
Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Rizhao City (RZY2022C05)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023LZY018)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a secondary analysis from the public dataset of NHANES and does not require further ethical review or approval. These data are available at . The research protocol was approved by NCHS in accordance with the revised Declaration of Helsinki and received written informed consent from all participants. The approval documents related to ethics can be found in Supplementary Material 2.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript for submission and publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
