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Authors
Li, Pengcheng
Zhao, Runkai
Lu, Juntao
Zhang, Xiwei
Yang, Shuai
Hao, Lin
Wang, Haoran
Ji, Quanbo
Zhang, Guoqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272558)
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (L252165)
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (Approval No.: S2025-581-01). The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized patient data. All procedures involving human participants, data or material fully complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
