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Authors
Ge, Xue
Ma, Lixiang
Yao, Lan
Liu, Yan
Wang, Yi
Zhang, Fang
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The ethical review board of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao evaluated and sanctioned this research protocol, ensuring adherence to the Helsinki Declaration. The approval was granted under the reference number 202401A111. Due to the retrospective nature of data gathering in this study, the board also provided a waiver for informed consent. Prior to analysis, all patient data were anonymized to protect privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
