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Authors
Jessen, Malik
Gerdesmeyer, Lennart
Zehnder, Philipp
Zyskowski, Michael
Biberthaler, Peter
Kirchhoff, Chlodwig
Schwarz, Markus
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität München
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) (ethics approval number 2023-483-S-SB). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective design and the use of anonymized clinical and radiographic data, the ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent.
: The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or identifiable clinical information).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
