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Authors
Ma, Yinhua
Xu, Xiaoping
Gu, Mingying
Li, Yunfei
Fei, Lan
Zhang, Xin
Zheng, Qingquan
Yin, Yong
Wang, You
Lyu, Zhuocheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Specialty Disease Program of the Jiading District Health System (ZB202410)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Key Discipline Construction Projects (2024ZDXK0042)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2417100)
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Article History
Received: 6 December 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences (Approval No. 2025-53). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). Given the retrospective design of the study and the use of de-identified data obtained from routine clinical practice, the requirement for written informed consent from individual participants was waived by the Ethics Committee of Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences in accordance with relevant national regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
