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Authors
Zhang, Jiuxin
Wang, Dalong
Yin, Shumin
Wang, Wei
Chen, Xu
Kong, Demeng
Li, Yunmeng
Zhang, Shanshan
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Article History
Received: 16 April 2026
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (approval number: 20240230). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived, but all patient data were anonymized and handled in accordance with local data protection regulations. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
