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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 7 May 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hokusuikai Kinen Hospital (approval number: 089). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: One of the authors (Tsutomu Nakayama) received personal fees for lecturing at company-sponsored seminars related to the smartphone application from Zimmer Biomet Japan. The authors have no ownership interests in the application and were not involved in its development. The manufacturer had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or manuscript preparation.