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Authors
Hu, Kai-li
Xie, Dan
Rui, Hua-zhen
Wu, Qing-lian
Gao, Yi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tongji Hospital Nursing Special Research Fund (2023D07)
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003049)
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2024
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Declarations
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: Research ethics approval (code: TJ-IRB 202411081) was obtained from Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Clinical trial number: not applicable. All participants provided informed consent. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. No participants’ names were attached to the questionnaires. Furthermore, the participants could withdraw at any time without prejudice.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
