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Authors
Nibe, Yoshiya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2291-0841
Takahashi, Tsuneari
Matsumura, Tomohiro
Watanabe, Kohei
Matsumoto, Takumi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
J&J Medical Research Grant (AS2022A000070909)
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Article History
Received: 15 March 2026
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Declarations
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: As this study did not involve human participants, human data, or human tissue, the requirements for institutional review board (IRB) approval and informed consent were not applicable. All animal-derived materials used in this study were isolated porcine tibiae obtained from a commercial abattoir (food industry by-products). Ethical approval for the use of these cadaveric specimens was waived by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Jichi Medical University, in accordance with institutional and national regulations regarding ex vivo research.
: Not applicable. No identifying information or images of individual participants are included in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
