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Authors
Gong, Hui-Gyeong
Kim, Jae-Soo
Lee, Hyun-Ju
Tae, Ki-Sik
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital (IRB approval number: 2601-300-010). This retrospective, image-based study using anonymized computed tomography data was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all relevant institutional guidelines and regulations. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized imaging data from a single patient, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
