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Authors
Zhang, Xianyi
Liu, Lei
Shang, Jie
Ji, Guizhu
Xia, Ziwei
Zhang, Yue
Xue, Youdi
Zhou, Hengcai
Han, Meng
Ma, Chao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission Project (KC21206)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Jiangsu Provincial Medical Center (BJ23038)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Science and Technology Project Contract of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission (XWKYHT20230054)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Pengcheng Yingcai Medical Young Reserve Talent Training Project (XWRCHT20220020)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
Xuzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project Contract (KC23177)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 28 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Xuzhou Central Hospital Biomedical Research Ethics Review Committee approved the retrospective study protocol and the use and analysis of de-identified routinely collected clinical data after expedited review on December 24, 2020 (approval No. XZXY-LK-20201224-0569) and waived the requirement for written informed consent for participation in this retrospective analysis. The index surgical procedures had been performed previously as part of routine clinical care, and all patients had provided written informed consent for the index surgical procedure. The retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Patient privacy and data confidentiality were protected throughout the study.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of the anonymized radiographic images shown in Figs. 3 and 4 was obtained from the patients concerned.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
