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Authors
Li, Jing
Li, Qiuhong
Zhang, Jianping
Chen, Xianhui
Yang, Lin
Zhang, Yang
Chen, Yuhang
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Article History
Received: 5 July 2024
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 28 April 2025
Declarations
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: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Administrative permissions were required to access the raw data employed in this study, and the affiliation of co-author has already granted permission from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to access Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HUCP) Nationwide Databases. However, our observational study was deemed exempt by the Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for using deidentified publicly available data. Besides, the data collected in our study were unnecessary to be anonymized before its use. All methods were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
