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Authors
Zambeli-Ljepović, Alan
Ibingira, Treasure
Stephens, Caroline
Koch, Rachel
Boeck, Marissa A.
Ozgediz, Doruk
Namugga, Martha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R25HL126146-09)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2024
Accepted: 6 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: We obtained ethical clearance from the Mulago National Referral Hospital Institutional Review Board (Protocol MHREC 2621). Since researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) did not have access to any identifiable private information, this study was exempt from review by the UCSF Institutional Review Board. The self-certification indicating this exemption is included as a “Related File.” At the start of the survey, participants received an explanation of study objectives, a description of a TFP, and the option to decline completing the survey. By proceeding with the survey, participants indicated their informed consent to participate in the study. Upon survey completion, in keeping with MHREC requirements, each participant was given 30,000 Ugandan shillings (approximately eight U.S. dollars) to acknowledge their time and effort. This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human participants.
: Not applicable. No individual data is reported in this study. Participants consented to having their anonymous survey responses used in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
