Chen, Peng https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9711-4613
Jiao, Jingyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-4725
Xue, Huimin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6012-1674
Zhu, Xiaojun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-6800
Wang, Xiaojuan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3888-6153
Wang, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1229
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wu Jieping Medical Foundation (320.6750.18396)
Nantong “14th Five-Year” Science and Education to Strengthen Health Project, General Surgery Medical Key Discipline (42)
Nantong Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (MS2022005)
Article History
Received: 26 November 2024
Accepted: 8 May 2025
First Online: 22 May 2025
Declarations
:
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance 3 with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and comparable ethical standards. This research has obtained the approval and authorization of the Ethics Review Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.
: All authors declare that they approve of the publication of the article. NOT APPLICABLE.
: Between March 2019 and March 2024, all patients included in this study underwent surgery at a hospital in China (Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University). Permission for follow-up was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (IRB approval). All patients were fully informed about single- and multi-port laparoscopic surgery prior to surgery.
: The authors declare no competing interests.