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Article History

Received: 24 February 2025

Accepted: 9 June 2025

First Online: 3 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yichang Central People’s Hospital (Ethics No. 2023-182-01). All procedures were conducted by the Helsinki Declaration (amended in 2000). Given the study’s retrospective nature, written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their families before surgery.

: Not applicable.

: Medical Ethics Committee of Yichang Central People’s Hospital (Ethics No. 2023- 182- 01).

: All participants and their families provided informed consent and signed the relevant consent forms. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Yichang Central People’s Hospital.

: The authors declare no competing interests.