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Authors
Li, Xinyi
Dong, Xiaodan
Luo, Jianhua
Wang, Lin
Cao, Yang
Zhang, Yan
Liang, Bing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau (202103000022, 2023A03J0564, 2023A03J0596)
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Article History
Received: 24 January 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 31 August 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital (IRB No. 2021–2007-01). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. This waiver is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, which states that ‘for retrospective studies using anonymized data, the need for informed consent may be waived if obtaining consent is impracticable and the study poses minimal risk to participants’.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
