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Authors
Masina, Thokozani
N’gombe, James Alinafe Junior
Msiska, Florence
Masangano, Patrick
Kaomba, Lucy Yemely
Mulwafu, Wakisa
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 3 October 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, which gave their approval and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval was sought and given from the department of surgery and from the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Research Committee. There was no need for full ethical review.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
