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Article History

Received: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 8 September 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(QYFY WZLL 29907). This study is a retrospective study. The data were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital for exemption from informed consent, in compliance with Article 39 of the “Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” of the People’s Republic of China: “All data have been anonymized, do not involve privacy or commercial use, do not involve new interventions, and the research risks are no higher than minimal risk,” thus no informed consent from all study participants is required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.