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Article History

Received: 4 August 2025

Accepted: 6 October 2025

First Online: 3 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol received ethical approval from Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine’s Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2024/05–19; Date: February 7, 2024). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.This study was based on a prospectively collected cohort, with all perioperative clinical and laboratory data recorded in real time during routine care. Statistical analyses were performed only after the completion of clinical follow-up, which characterizes the study as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.