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Authors
Guo, Lin
Ou, Songlei
Zhang, Shaoyan
Li, Dong
Liang, Lin
You, Bin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund ((2022-2Z-20611))
High-level Research Discipline Construction Project of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University ((2024AZC4002))
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Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No. 2025198X). Considering the retrospective nature of the study and the use of fully anonymized patient data, the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Anzhen Hospital granted a waiver of the requirement for individual patient informed consent. This study was conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles for medical research involving human subjects.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
