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Authors
Ospanov, Oral
Yelembayev, Bakhtiyar
Buchwald, J. N.
Sultanov, Kassymkhan
Rakhmetov, Medet
Duysenov, Galymjan
Tuleuov, Bazar
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant number AP23490186)
Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant number AP23490186)
Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant number AP23490186)
Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant number AP23490186)
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accord with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments and with the approval of the regional ethics committee of Astana, Kazakhstan. The study protocol, information sheets for patients, and informed consent forms were approved by the local ethics committee (Research Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board [REC/IRB]): the Ethics committee of SBMSK approved the study on 29.03.2021.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
