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Authors
Yan, Yu-Xuan
Cui, Huai-Ping
Zhang, Ji-Zhun
Wang, Zhu
Sun, Qin-Hui
Tian, Li-Tao
Wang, Ze-Xin
Yang, Chuan-Zheng
Wang, Jin-Shen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH283)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302959)
Science and Technology Development Plan of Shandong Province (2023CXGC010717)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital (Jinan, China; approval No. SWYX: 2025 − 688). Because the data were anonymized, retrospective, and non-interventional, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital in accordance with national regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
