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Article History

Received: 14 February 2025

Accepted: 9 January 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Declarations

:

: We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it was an observational analysis based solely on clinical parameters routinely assessed in the postoperative period, without any additional interventions beyond standard clinical practice. Each patient provided written informed consent before participating in the study.

: not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.