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Authors
Nassar, Lara
Qandeel, Miqdad
Awad, Philobater
Hassan, Basma
Alim, Lina
Gonzalez, Jimena Alvarez Del Castillo
Makkiyah, Mustafa
Al-Musawi, Jasim
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study received Health Research Authority (HRA) and Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) approval through the Integrated Research Application System (IRAS project ID: 355719; REC reference: 25/PR/0988). In accordance with the HRA and HCRW decision, formal Research Ethics Committee (REC) approval was not required for this study. Local capacity and capability were confirmed by the participating NHS Trust prior to study initiation. The qualitative component involved surgeons only, with written informed consent obtained for participation, audio recording, and the use of anonymous quotations in the manuscript. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
