Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 November 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 23 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in full compliance with the applicable laws and institutional regulations. Following the guidelines of the Research Ethics Committee, ethical approval was granted under the code (2507768) by the Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo. The procedures also aligned with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. For permission to collect data within the designated hospital, the Dean of the Faculty of Nursing at Ain Shams University issued an official letter to the hospital director outlining the study’s purpose and title.Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.