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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received formal approval from the Scientific and Ethical Committees of the College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani (No. 01/01/05/2024/UoS), as well as from the Sulaimani Surgical Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani Directorate of Health, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. All research activities were conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before enrollment, written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Patient information and medical records were managed with strict confidentiality and anonymity throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.