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Authors
Liao, Christopher C L
Saravanan, Balakrisanan
Ismail, Fatima
Farmer, Matthew
Velchuru, Vamsi R
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 30 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective observational study being part of an audit did not require ethics approval or consent to participate. All data were anonymised at the point of collection, as per institutional policy and national guidelines for retrospective studies involving routinely collected clinical data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the Clinical Audit and Research Governance Committee at James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation.
: Not applicable. No individual person’s data were included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
