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Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Duzce University Faculty of Medicine (Decision No: 2021/113). All patients admitted to the hospital provided general informed consent at the time of admission, which included authorization for the use of anonymized clinical data in research studies. Given the retrospective observational design and the use of fully anonymized data, the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Duzce University Faculty of Medicine waived the requirement for additional individual study-specific informed consent. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.