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Article History

Received: 14 February 2026

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University (Approval No. 2025-LHYK-071-01). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the same Ethics Committee because this study used anonymized retrospective clinical data and posed minimal risk to participants. All procedures involving human participants and human data were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.