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Authors
Chang, Shih-Chen
Chen, Yi-Fu
Kou, Hao-Wei
Le, Puo-Hsien
Chen, Tsung-Hsing
Kuo, Chia-Jung
Wang, Shang-Yu
Chou, Wen-Chi
Yeh, Ta-Sen
Hsu, Jun-Te
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Medical Research Program, Taiwan (CMRPG3I0103)
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1996). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan (approval number: 201801640B0C102; approval date: 27 September 2020). The need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
