He, Qingbao
He, Hongjia
Li, Kaisheng
Liu, Xiaoyang
Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 14 July 2026
First Online: 21 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University on January 15, 2026 (Approval No. SDFE-IRB/T-2026008) for the retrospective review and analysis of previously collected clinical data. All procedures involving human participants were performed as part of routine clinical care before the initiation of the present retrospective study. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board and the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Because of the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.