Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Wang, Cong
Shi, Le
Niu, Dongsheng
Chen, Desheng
Bai, Zhigang
Liang, Yuqi
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 10 August 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 15 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The Ethics Committee of the People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region formally waived the need for ethical approval and informed consent for this in vitro study, as it involved only commercially available synthetic materials and a reference bacterial strain, with no human or animal subjects.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable. This manuscript does not contain any identifying images, personal data, or clinical details of individual participants that would compromise anonymity.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
