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Authors
Lin, Fuyang
cai, Chao
Deng, Huan
Zhang, Jianpeng
Wang, Mengting
Wang, Sizhe
Liu, Zezhen
Liu, Yongda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Plan Program of Guangzhou (202201020511)
Clinical High and Important Technology of Guangzhou (2024C-GX21)
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2024
Accepted: 7 May 2025
First Online: 22 May 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Approval Number: 2023 No. G-68). The exemption is in line with the national regulations (Article 39 of China's Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans) that allow for waived informed consent in retrospective studies under strict confidentiality and anonymization protocols. Additionally, all patients provided written informed consent for their clinical procedures (including hospitalization and surgery) during their admission. Patient identities were completely anonymized, and no personally identifiable information was used for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
