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Authors
Wang, Jianyu
Han, Xiaoran
Zhang, Shanhua
Kong, Shaoqiu
Liu, Feifan
Wang, Cheng
Wu, Haihu
Wu, Fei
Lyu, Jiaju
Ning, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473422)
Taishan Scholar Youth Expert Program of Shandong Province (tsqn202312349)
Key Talent Program of Shandong First Medical University
Clinical Medicine Innovation Program of Jinan City (202328070)
Beijing Dadi Medical Charity Foundation
Health Development Promotion Project - Spark Research Program (XHJH-0026)
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 16 July 2025
First Online: 21 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences. The research was undertaken in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from patients in this research for the usage of their clinical information.
: All participants/patients included in this study provided written informed consent for the publication of their anonymized clinical details, associated surgical images, and any potentially identifiable data. The consent documents explicitly specify that the materials will be publicly available under the Creative Commons Attribution License and may be reproduced in scientific publications, conference presentations, or educational materials.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
