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Article History

Received: 2 April 2025

Accepted: 16 July 2025

First Online: 18 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Data were extracted from Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital and Qilu Hospital of Shandong University using the hospital’s medical record system. The Ethics Committee of Qilu hospital of Shandong University and the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital approved protocols. The requirement for informed consent was waived by The Ethics Committee of Qilu hospital of Shandong University and the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, as this retrospective analysis utilized anonymized historical clinical data obtained during routine diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. and waived of written informed consent. The entire study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.