Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 March 2025

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 21 August 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was IRB-approved (IRB #23-38991) approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of California (UCSF) Medical School.

: Participants were informed that completing the survey implied consent to participate in the study. No personally identifiable information was collected, and responses were anonymized to protect participants’ privacy. Given the anonymous nature of the survey and the minimal risk involved, formal written consent was not required, in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines.

: The authors declare no competing interests.