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Authors
He, Clifford Jiajun
Sheetz, Tyler
Katz, Jonathan
Pendem, Vivek
Ho, Kevin
Trujillo, Nicholas
Tunuguntla, Sujit
Sah, Robert
Bechis, Seth K.
Sur, Roger L.
Monga, Manoj
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or clinical data, and as such, ethical approval was not required. The porcine bladder used in this study was obtained from the research laboratory of Dr. Robert Sah, a co-author on this study, at the University of California, San Diego. The specimen was ex-vivo and was used with Dr. Sah’s full consent for the purposes of this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
