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Article History

Received: 3 June 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and involved human participants. It was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin. Additionally, written informed consent was obtained from the legal guardians/next of kin of all individuals and minors for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in this study. For minors, consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.