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Article History

Received: 12 April 2025

Accepted: 24 October 2025

First Online: 19 November 2025

Declarations

:

: we confirm that informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants in this study. This consent was documented in writing and included explicit agreement to participate in the research, in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People’s Hospital (Approval No: SH9H-2024-T359-1), which reviewed and confirmed the adequacy of the consent procedures. No participant was enrolled without providing voluntary, informed consent, and all participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence.

: All participants provided written consent for the publication of data collected during the study. No identifiable information about participants will be disclosed in this publication. we confirm that all participants provided written informed consent for the publication of their personal or clinical details, as well as any identifying images collected during the study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.