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Article History

Received: 13 April 2025

Accepted: 15 December 2025

First Online: 24 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital (approval number: 4–2011-0277). The requirement for informed consent was waived as the study used anonymized retrospective data from a cohort database. All procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the institutional guidelines, and other relevant regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.