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Authors
Bang, Hui-Jae
Shin, In Sik
Jang, Sung Woo
Park, Chan Hee
Lee, Jeong Woo
An, Sanghyun
Kim, Kwangmin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korean Society of Acute Care Surgery
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2026
Accepted: 21 August 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this investigation was granted by the institutional review boards of all participating centers: Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center (No. DSMC 2024-01-017), the National Medical Center (No. NMC-2024-02-027), Wonju Severance Christian Hospital (CR324044), and Yongin Severance Hospital (No. 9-2024-0080).
Consent for publication: A waiver of informed consent was granted by the review boards, given the retrospective design of the investigation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
